Investing for Beginners , investing

investingforbeginners.eu One doesn't discover new lands without consenting to lose sight of the shore for a very long time.
Andre Gide

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Investing in Gold (I)
I will not be the first, and probably also will not be the last, who spoke about the Gold Rush that shakes down the world for the last few years. Just in this time it is a little different than in the days when desired f
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Investing in Africa
Investing in Africa even sounds a little extreme. But investing in Africa not only sound extremely - it is like this in fact. If we would distinguish developed and emerging markets, then most of the Africa’s countr
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_in_africa-p0-i8

Investment in Bulgaria
  Starting from the very beginning I will try to make clear why I am bullish about investing Bulgarian stock market. At first I would suggest to look at the chart below.   Five year Bulgarian stock market in
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_bulgaria-p0-i10

Investing in Land - Agricultural REITs
  Investing in land I have noticed an increased interest in agricultural land investments during the last period. And I can it understand completely. When stocks are so volatile and bonds may offer such low return
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Where Are the Investment Markets Moving Now?
  Some of the market participants call the current situation a “crisis” others are starting to be convinced that we are in a bear market. While others just don’t know how to call it. Well, I call
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Stocks Riskier than Bonds?
  It is so common that stocks are riskier investments than bonds; nobody is even considering this question. Would I doubt it? Of course not, stocks are stocks and bonds are bonds. But I would like to look at it fro
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Foundation of the Europe’s Financial Market
  The key question in Europe now is how European Union will look after few years from now. This question is the most important at these days for all the Europe and may have affect to the entire world.   
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Bond Investment: Government Bonds and Corporate Bonds
  Corporate Bonds and Government Bonds   Today I want to discuss another untraditional topic. However, this topic concerns the most traditional investments – bonds. Bonds been used for very long time a
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bond_investment_government_bonds_and_corporate_bonds-p0-i17

How ECB Is Affecting Investment Markets?
  Today was announced very interesting news. The news is about the fact that ECB (European Central Banks) lends 489 billion of Euros to the banks. It is a really huge amount of capital that flows from ECB to the fi
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/how_ecb_is_affecting_investment_markets-p0-i18

Problems in Greece: Is It Going to End?
  Greece sounds like a curse for all investors and all other participants of the financial market. Yes, it is a small country compared to the global or European economy by the size of a GDP or other economical indi
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/problems_in_greece_is_it_going_to_end-p0-i19

How to Beat the Stock Market
  Investing is good, but the real challenge for every portfolio manager is to beat the stock market, or beat the market. Of course the term ‘market’ is not very exact. In reality to beat the market is t
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Baltic Investment
  Baltic Stock Exchange   Baltic stock exchange now belongs to the world gigantic stock exchange NASDAQ OMX, and now is called NASDAQ OMX Baltic. Historically Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia had their own nati
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European Dividend Stocks
  Before getting to the exact stocks, at first, please let me explain why I have chosen European dividend stocks as a topic. For the beginning, lets solve the question why dividend stocks. The true is that many inv
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What means long term in investing?
When I talk to non-professional investors, I often get surprised on their interpretation of ‘long-term investment’. Of course, everyone wants to enjoy their lives and to do it fast, while not many are ready t
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Is the Bubble of Commodities Going Down?
  It can be said that commodity bubble already went down. The prices of the most commodities have slumped significantly during several last months. But was there really a bubble? Yes, the prices have
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/is_the_bubble_of_commodities_going_down-p0-i24

Putting Investment Indicators from Economy to Good Use
Putting investment indicators from economy to good use People in various professions – journalists, stock market traders, businessmen, or individuals looking at investing in property – usually refer to inv
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The Most Known investors: Who are they?
  Regularly, a magazine is releasing its top 100 billionaires of the world. These are the investment giants and the masters of investing.  We all know that the investing world is a world of strategies and the
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Investment psychology gains momentum in contemporary business world
  Many individuals make rational investment decisions, but others are swayed by their emotions, serving as clear-cut illustration of just how the mindset and behavior can affect finances, and this is an important a
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Learning the basic investment concept: a good start in investing
The first step in investing is learning the investment concept itself. It is very important that you understand the basic rules in investing in order for your investment to profit and to prevent losses. As we all know,
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Investing in financial institutions: why and how?
  A banking expert had said that conducting a thorough study on the financial health of a bank or credit institution is very important in investing. Actually, this is the investor’s primary homework, and this
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How Oil Price Influence Investment Markets?
After Saudi and Russia decisions to increase supply oil has smashed to the unseen levels. But, what's next?    Everything revolves around oil and it's inevitable that the fluctuations in the oil industry will
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How Investment Horizon Affects Your Investment Portfolio?
All investors have an investment horizon, which is the amount of time that they're willing to keep their money on the market. In layman's terms, it measures how long one is willing to wait before selling one's securiti
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BRIC Countries
  BRIC countries are the largest emerging economies over the world. The first letters of every country make a name of B R I C and those countries are: Brazil (population - 192m) Russia (population - 143m) Indi
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Investments
(Are you looking for investment definition?)   Investments are instruments that allow us to receive a higher amount of money than was spent. If someone spends 10 euros or dollars and he knows that he will receive
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Investing for Beginner
Many people are prepared to invest, and understand that investing would help to achieve many important goals of life.However, most of those people do not even start to invest, because do not know exactly how to do that,
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Derivatives
Derivative Financial Instruments Derivatives are so called because they are constructed from other traditional securities, and operate the rights to them. Apart from the fact that there are some basic derivative instrum
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Investing Top 10
  INVESTING 10 things that you should try to do:     Always have an investment strategy and follow it strictly. Set up an investment strategy (investing rules) even before beginning of investing: t
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Investment in Stocks
Stocks (shares) are investments that attract the most attention in financial markets, and perhaps stocks are worth it, because investors can expect the highest return from stocks among the range of traditional investme
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Investing for Beginners
  Investing can seem a hard thing to do for beginners. But investing for beginners isn‘t any harder than other things in the beginning. Many processes can look difficult until you don‘t know what is hid
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Investing for Retirement
Investing for retirement may be one of the most reasonable investment objectives. Sometimes, people invest so they can afford expensive things that they otherwise could not afford without investing. For example
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Investment in Bonds
Debt (fixed income) securities Bonds are fixed income securities and the principle of them is simple - the issuer of the bonds attracts the money from the investors and commits to pay back for the investors until end of
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Investing for Beginners - Trading Account
  a href="http://www.investingforbeginners.eu">Investing for beginners helps on many questions that every investor should solve in beginning of investment process or before it. One of such starting questions sho
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Investment in Cash
Bank (saving) Accounts, Deposits, Deposit Certificates, Treasure Bills, Money Market Funds When we are talking about investment, cash is not only the real paper (or metal) money that are held in the wallet or under the
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Investment in Mutual Funds
Investment Funds (Collective Investment) Investment in mutual funds is one of the most popular types of investment. A mutual fund is just a large and well diversified investment portfolio of many securities, in which ca
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Investment in Commodities
Investment in Oil, gold, Silver, Copper, Wheat  Commodities (raw materials) are indeed a tangible asset class, but it can be also assigned to financial investments, because in current days most investments in commo
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Asset Management
Definition    Asset management which also is called as investment management has many similarities to finance management but investment management is more specific and narrow area of finance. Invest
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Investing in Commodities Directly
Investment in Oil, Gold, Silver Directly   Commodities has been already described as financial investment. It was assigned to financial investments because investors are investing in commodities not directly but w
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Investment in Forwards
Forwards – derivative financial instruments almost identical to the future contracts. This contract represents the parties committed to sell and buy the object at the predetermined time and price.Difference between
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Investment in Options
  Options are very known derivatives and especially popular among investing speculators. Options has some attraction: every successful prediction can grow up invested amount a lot of times very quickly and potentia
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Investment in Index-Linked Bonds
  Index-linked bonds are also known as structured bonds. This product is more popular in immature investment markets, where investors are not sufficiently educated. Diversity of index-linked bonds can be very high,
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Investment in Index Funds
  Investment index funds are contrast to the actively managed funds. These funds do not try to exceed the benchmark, openly saying that just going to keep with it.And the serious advantage of them – applied f
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Investment in Fund of Funds
  If each normal investment fund invests in underlying assets directly, the fund of funds is investing solely in other funds that invest directly in shares, bonds or other assets.If such funds distributors would ar
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Strategy Investment
  Strategy investment refers to an investment strategy, which should be wise chosen according to investing person character and market environment. Investing always has to be strategic and foresee possible future e
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Investment Strategy in Growth Stocks
  Investing in the rapidly growing companies has always attracted the attention of all worlds’ investors, in particular, at the market rise. The reason why investing in growth stocks - so popular is very simp
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Investing in Unprofitable Companies
Investment Strategy - Unprofitable Companies Investing in companies that are still unprofitable is more difficult than investing in profitable companies, but may also be very successful. If the company will turn around
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Market Timing at Investing
Investing During Change of Economic Cycles - Market Timing Investment Strategy  Market timing is capturing of investment price movements "waves" trying to sell high and buy cheap. Simple as that.  Still it onl
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Investing Benefits For Beginners
Is the investment really worth it? Many investing beginners ask a question: why to invest?  There can be different answers. Some might even say that is not worth to invest. Why let your money into uncertainty if yo
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Investment Objectives for Beginners
The full investment objectives for beginners are very individual parameters. They were already mentioned briefly in article about benefits of investment. However, the basic investment objective is one - to make capital w
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Investment Manager
Investment management or finance management are particularly a lot of attention and responsibility requiring areas. It does not matter whether you manage your money whether corporate funds, in any case, it is important t
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Investment Strategy by Age
  It is very popular to allocate asset classes in investment portfolio according to investor’s age. And it has some reasonable justification: when investor’s age is changing – his risk tolerance a
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Investment Book:
  Investing for Beginners Exposed: Or What Investment Consultants Hide from You   Rokas Lukosius (Author of the book and this website)   No matter whether you are a seasoned inv
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Online Investing
Few decades ago all the investors was acquiring stocks calling to broker by phone or using some other way to contact him. However, computerization of the world has changed investing significantly. Online investing became
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Investment in Normal ETF
  Normal ETF (exchange-traded fund) is an ETF that is not a Short ETF/Ultra ETF. Usually ETF is a traded index fund that follows some specific index (might be various indices: equities, bonds, commodities, specific
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Investment Guidelines
  Investment guidelines – is an investment practice that is recommended to achieve set goals. Investment goals may be very various for different investors, but still there are some common guidelines like buy
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Speculation
  Speculation is an investment action made under intentions to earn large profits in short term. Usually such actions are very risky and lays somewhere between investing and gambling. It is hard to say where exactl
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Investment Definition
  Investment definition may have two meanings:   1) An investment as a process (investing) when tangible or financial assets are acquired on purpose to earn more money (or other material benefits) than was s
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Investment Policy
  An investment policy is an investment philosophy, main principles to be used of an investor. Investment policy may be written or not, and is needed for the investor to maintain attitudes during market turmoil. In
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Investment Solutions
  Investment solutions are services provided by investment banks or brokerage firms. These services may include common elements of investing: securities trading trough broker, online investing, securities depositor
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Investment Techniques
  Investment techniques are some combination of investment strategies and investment tactics. Investment techniques usually are middle term oriented procedures that help to reach some predetermined result. It may i
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Investment Industry
  An investment industry is a part of whole financial industry of the world. Finance sector includes not only investment industry but also other financial services: corporate finance, public finance, insurance
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Investment Decision
  An investment decision is a choice made by investor or investment manager trying to maximize the return and minimize the risk. The every decision maker tries to make the best choice for him, the same time better
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FOREX Market
  FOREX market (foreign exchange market) is a global network of trading in different currencies. It is the most liquid financial market with huge turnovers continuously without breaks. Lot commercial banks, central
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Spot Market
  Spot markets are a contrast to the futures markets because in spot market transaction are completed immediately and in cash (or bank transfer). The spot market represents the real current prices on the market of
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Bull Market
  A bull market is a market trend when investment market is increasing over longer period and is believed to increase in the future. Bull market is a well known term among investors and is opposite to bear mar
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Bear Market
  A bear market is a market trend when investment market is decreasing over longer period and is believed to decrease in the future. Bear market is a well known term in the investment world and is opposite to bull
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Share
  A share is a unit of firm’s ownership, which represents the rights and obligations of the shareholder (owner of the shares). If investor owns all shares of the company he is a complete owner, but if he
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Shareholder
  A shareholder (stockholder) is a individual or company that owns some shares of stock in a corporation. Technically, every investor who is investing in shares is a shareholder for as long as he holds those s
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investor
  An investor is an individual or corporate unit that invests in any class of investments on purpose to earn some return from invested capital. There may be more criteria to distinguish very small investments
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Share investor
  A share investor is an investor who invests in shares (stocks) but not the other investments. If investor invests in different asset classes he is a regular investor. If investor is specializing in shares he must
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Stock Split
  A stock split is a divide of existing company’s shares decreasing its face value. For every owned share an investor gets a several (or one) additional shares depending on split ratio, and the total out
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Reverse Stock Split
  Reverse stock split is a merge of existing company’s shares increasing its face value. For several owned shares an investor gets one share depending on reverse split ratio, when total outstanding shares num
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Book Value of Share
  A book value of share is calculated dividing all company’s book value (less preferred equity) by its common share number. For example, if company’s book value is 1,000,000 USD and issued share nu
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Stockholder Wealth Maximization
  Stockholder wealth maximization is a main goal for firm’s managers in corporate finance. Stockholder wealth maximization is above the profit maximization because of long term orientation and better risk man
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Stock Market Crash
  A stock market crash is a investing term used to describe fast and sharp decrease of all or almost all stock prices on the exchange. However, there is no exact definition how long and how strong market fall shoul
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Dividend Yield
  A dividend yield is a ratio that shows how much investor gets dividends from the stock compared to its price. It is calculated dividing dividend per share by the share price.    Dividend yield is impo
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Dividend Payout Ratio
Payout ratio is a percentage that shows a portion of company’s income distributed as dividends.    Formula Dividend payout ratio = common shares dividends / net income   *For the sam
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Dividend Policy
  A dividend policy is a company’s written practice that describes dividend payments scale over time. Dividend policy may be as short as target dividend payout ratio or also include some reaction to a ch
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Ex-Dividend Date
  Ex-dividend date is a first day when investor does no longer receive dividends paid by company’s shares. This is important factor because the period of shares' settlement after transacti
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Stock Buyback
  A stock buyback (share repurchase) is a company’s purchase of its own stock on the market. It is contrary way to pay out capital for shareholders to dividends. Stock buybacks are getting more and more
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Initial Public Offering (IPO)
  An initial public offering (IPO) is a first introduce of company’s shares to the stock market. However, during initial public offering shares are sold not on the stock exchange but on network of clients by
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Greenshoe
  A greenshoe is an option to sell or buy shares during initial public offering IPO. This option is agreed between the company that goes public and the IPO organizer (some corporate finance firm).   The
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Flipping
  Flipping is partly an investment strategy, partly a speculation when investor resells acquired property quickly on purpose to get fast profit.    Flipping is most common in IPO’s when retail inv
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Market Capitalization
  Market capitalization (market cap) is a company’s value (price) on the stock exchange. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the outstanding share number by the last share price on the exchange
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Stock Exchange
  A stock exchange is an operator/company that takes bids from the sellers and buyers and executes transactions if conditions allow it. Usually stock exchanges offer trading not only for stocks but also for other f
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Investment Portfolio
  An investment portfolio is a composition of different investments made on purpose to achieve the highest return at predetermined risk level. Investment portfolio can include all kinds of investments: stocks,
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Market Timing
  Market timing is investor's actions when investments are switched between asset classes and may be a part of investment strategy. For example, if investor sees that stocks are very high and economical downturn is
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International Investment
  International investment is investment that includes investments from different countries. If investor acquires investments in several countries, we could call him international investor. If investment portfolio
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Diversified Investments
  Diversified investments are investments that are well diversified, which should include regional diversification, allocation between asset classes, sectors, maturity, denomination of currencies and other characte
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Buying on Margin
  Buying on Margin Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin Margin Call The Pros and Cons Psychology: Is it worth?     Buying on margin gets popularity during every strong bull market. Unfortunately, it be
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Diversification
  A diversification is an investment technique or a part of an investment strategy, which is used to reduce the investment risk of the portfolio, including in it larger number of different securities or other inves
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True Investment
  True investment is a term used by Benjamin Graham to describe an investment that fits all his criteria of investment philosophy (policy). Later this term was used by Warren Buffet, but he followed Benjamin’
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Capital Investment Group
  Capital investment group is an organization that can have many juridical forms. Usually capital investment group is privately held or public organization, that invests in stakes of non-listed companies, real esta
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Real Estate Investment Group
  Real estate investment group is mostly similar to the capital investment group. The main difference is that real estate investment group concentrates its investments on real estate property, when capital investme
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Venture Capital
  A venture capital is a capital provided by capital investment groups or private equity funds for small start up businesses.   There are not many opportunities for young fast growing companies. If they
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Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
  Real estate investment trust (REIT) is a corporate entity that invests exceptionally in to real estate sector. Usually securities of REIT’s are traded on stock exchange and every investor can easily acquire
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Private Equity Fund
  A private equity fund is a fund that invests in a stakes of non-listed companies (private equity). Investment in private equity funds is much different from investment in mutual funds. They are illiquid, riskier
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Equity Fund
  An equity fund is a mutual fund that is investing in equity (stocks). Equity fund can be actively managed, index fund, listed index fund (ETF) and can invest in some specific sectors or regions, or can invest glo
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Mutual Fund
  A mutual fund is a collective investment vehicle that is consisted of fund units, which are sold for retail investors. Practically, mutual fund is a large investment portfolio, in which can take a part even small
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Institutional Investment
  Institutional investment is an investment that is made by an organization/institution. Usually, institutional investments are large scale and has important role in financial markets. Most institutional investment
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Institutional investor
  An institutional investor is an investor that is a corporation/institution. Institutional investors have high impact to investment markets and sometimes decisions of most known institutional investment manag
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Retail investor
  A retail investor is a small investor, which normally is an individual. Most of the investors in financial markets are retail investors, but retail investor makes an investments in much smaller amounts than
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Large Cap Stocks
  Large cap stocks are stocks of those companies that have the highest market capitalization. All the stocks can be classified to large cap, mid cap and small cap (if ignoring modern classifications that include mo
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Small Cap Stocks
  Small cap stocks are stocks of lower market capitalization. All stocks may be classified to large cap, mid cap and small cap (if ignoring mega, nano and other modern classification caps). There is no united class
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Blue Chip Stocks
  Blue chip stocks are stocks of the biggest large cap companies. Blue chip stocks usually are safer than average investment in stocks, have stable cash flow and pay stable dividends according dividend policy. Blue
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Investment Report
  An investment report is a for investors prepared document on purpose to provide useful and objective information that would help to make an investment decision.     Investment report may have many for
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Hedge (Hedging)
  Hedge (hedging) is protection of investment portfolio against fluctuations using financial instruments. Hedge is very popular at investment theory, but not so popular at investment practice. In theory everything
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Brokerage Company
  A Brokerage Company is a financial institution that has a license to provide intermediary services for a securities trading to the clients. Every retail client cannot by securities on stock exchange by himself be
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Publicly Owned Corporation
  A publicly owned corporation is a company, which has its shares listed on the stock exchange. A publicly owned companies normally are medium or large scale corporations owned by a large number of investors (both
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Money Market
  A money market is the market, in which money market investments are traded. Such money market investments can be deposits certificates, bills or other short term high grade fixed income securities.   
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Mortgage Markets
  Mortgage markets are markets, in which credits, that include pledged real estate property, are created and traded. Usually in mortgage markets main players are financial institutions: retail banks sell such mortg
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Primary Markets
  Primary markets are the markets, in which new capital investments are raised. The perfect example of primary market is an IPO, but even if it is not the first issue of securities for the company, it still counts
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Secondary Markets
  Secondary markets are markets, in which securities are traded, but not acquired directly from the issuers. This is why secondary markets differ from primary markets, where securities are bought directly from issu
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/secondary_markets

Penny Stocks
  Penny stocks used to be described as stocks which price on stock exchange are lower than 1$ or 5$ (there is no officially approved norm). However, it is not very fair to judge a company for its share price on exc
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/penny_stocks

Investment Consultant
  An investment consultant is a job position in financial companies. Main functions of investment consultant: Help private investors to make a proper investment strategy according to investors risk tolerance. A
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_consultant

Cheap Stocks
  Cheap stocks are such stocks that are traded at low valuation multiples. For example, if you see a telecom or utility company of which P/E is equal to 6 and EV/EBITDA is equal to 3, you may say it is a cheap stoc
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/cheap_stocks

Growth Stocks
  Growth stocks are stocks of companies which earnings per share grow faster than average on the market. Such is theory, but if look in practical side, earnings grow faster most of the times only when economical cy
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/growth_stocks

Value Stocks
  Value stocks are opposite to growth stocks and attract investors not by growth perspectives but by stable cash and dividend flow. Market ratios (P/E, P/B and other) of value stocks are low and together with high
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/value_stocks

Holding Company
  Holding company is a type of a company which main activity is to invest in other companies. Holding as itself does not do any activity instead of managing their subsidiary companies and searching for new investme
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/holding_company

Value Penny Stocks
  Value penny stocks are stocks that have characteristics of both: value stock and penny stock. Investment in value penny stocks isn’t very popular, because stock investors who seek for safety invest in norma
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/value_penny_stocks

Investment Market
  An investment market is a part of a financial market and represents all investments that were issued by corporations, governments or other entities. All the trades made by retail and institutional investors can b
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_market

Investment Strategies
  Investment (investing) strategy – often discussed by both amateur and professional investors, but in fact very rarely encountered. Amateurs usually imagine that they has an investment strategy only after th
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_strategies

Financial Leverage
  A financial leverage is a use of borrowed money to achieve more efficient capital structure. A borrowed capital is cheaper than equity capital most of the times. So usage of loaned money makes weighted average ca
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_leverage

Direct Investments in Stocks
  Direct investments in stocks are investments made without financial intermediaries (only theoretically). It means an investor buys stock directly from the company without intermediation of stock exchange or broke
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/direct_investments_in_stocks

Investment Management Fees
  Investment management fees (fees that are paid straight to investment manager) basically are one of these types:   Performance based fee. Performance based fee is calculated according to increase of inve
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_fees

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – HOW TO MANAGE YOURS INVESTMENTS PROPERLY
  Investment management is a complete science and if you are expecting to become a professional investment manager in few hours you should get disappointed. However, there are several most important guidelines at i
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_how_to_manage_yours_investments_properly

Investment Performance Measurement
  Many investors are happy about investment managers until the stock market is growing, but when the decline starts investment managers gets only the worst words about their job. However, this is wrong attitud
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_performance_measurement

Investment Management Books
There are many books on the world that teaches how to manage investments. These are few recommendations for you:   Investing for Beginner Exposed, R. Lukosius. Amazing book for beginners or advanced investors wh
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_books

Investment Risk Management
  There are several main methods of investment risk management:    Diversification. Diversification is the easiest and most of the times the cheapest way to reduce risk level of the investment portfol
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_risk_management

Quantitative Investment Management
  Quantitative investment management says, “Don’t worry about investment management, and let to do the job for the computer”.  It is a completely different approach compared to ‘value d
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/quantitative_investment_management

Sharpe Ratio
  Sharpe ratio measures the above risk free performance of investment portfolio in relation to its risk. This ratio was developed by William F. Sharpe which introduced the ratio in 1966. Now Sharpe ratio is the mos
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/sharpe_ratio

Foreign Investment
  Foreign investment means investment that is made by foreign capital. For example if you would invest in other country than you live (you are resident), then it would be a foreign investment. Also it can work othe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/foreign_investment

Foreign Direct Investment
  Foreign direct investment (FDI) traditionally was understood as investment that is made by foreign country in direct assets, for example factory, including land, building and machinery. When financial markets evo
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/foreign_direct_investment

Investment Finance
  Investment finance is finance that is related to investment. Investment market is a part of financial market, so we can say that investment is a part of finance.    Investment finance specializes on f
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_finance

Repo
  Repo (repurchase agreement) is a contract between the investor, who borrows money, and the lender who lends money and takes (buys and resells) securities for collateral, in case if the investor will default to re
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/repo

Margin Trading
  Margin trading is trading in securities when part of the investment portfolio is financed by borrowed money (the other part by your own capital). For example, you have investment portfolio of value $20k, end you
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_trading

Inflation
  Inflation is a percent that reflects a price increase of goods and services portfolio. When inflation occurs, money is losing its purchasing power. For example, if inflation would keep at 8% for 9 years (it would
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/inflation

Stagflation
  Stagflation is an economical situation, when high inflation and stagnation of the economy come together. It is very difficult situation, because it not allows using monetary politics efficiently to revitalize the
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stagflation

Inflation Linked Bonds
  Inflation linked bonds (or inflation indexed bonds) are bonds that have their principal linked to inflation, which means the value of the bond principal increases together with inflation. Such bonds are offering
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/inflation_linked_bonds

Valuation Multiples
  Valuation multiples are stock ratios that include in the calculation share price and show whether stock is cheap or expensive compared to similar stocks.     Valuation multiples (or just multiples) ar
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/valuation_multiples

P/E Ratio
  P/E ratio is the most popular valuation multiple that is used for stock analysis. This ratio shows the price of the stock compared to its earnings. The multiple is so popular because of its simplicity and im
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/p_e_ratio

PEG Ratio
Price-to-Earnings to Growth Ratio   PEG ratio is quiet popular among retail investors, however professionals do not use it often because of this ratio subjectivity. PEG ratio shows how expensive is stock compared
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/peg_ratio

P/B Ratio
P/B (P/Bv or price-to-book) ratio shows how expensive stock is compared to its books value. Company’s book value (also called equity, capital, shareholders funds etc.) is equal to company’s total assets les
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/p_b_ratio

Relative Valuation
Comparative analysis    Relative valuation is stock valuation method that gained its popularity because of simplicity and practical importance. The key principle of relative valuation is about valuation multi
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/relative_valuation

DCF Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis   DCF valuation might be applied to any asset that generates positive free cash flow or is expected to generate that cash flow in the future. DCF valuation might be directly applied t
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/dcf_valuation

Replacement Cost Valuation
  Replacement cost valuation method is not very popular at stock valuation. Most of the investors are picking stocks with help of relative valuation or DCF valuation. Only when those two methods aren’t possib
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/replacement_cost_valuation

ADR (American Depository Receipt)
  ADR (American Depository Receipt) is a form of international stock trading when a certificate (security) that might be traded in some US stock exchange in US dollars and represents shares of foreign company. The
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/adr_american_depository_receipt

GDR (Global Depository Receipt)
  GDR (Global Depository Receipt) is a security’s certificate that is traded on some European stock exchange and represents shares of foreign company. GDR normally is denominated in one of the main currencies
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/gdr_global_depository_receipt

Depository Receipts
  Depository receipts are certificates that makes easier to invest in foreign stocks. Depository receipts lowers administration costs for foreign investment and makes foreign investments more trustful for local inv
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/depository_receipts

Power of Compounding
  Power of compounding (compound interest) is a known description for fast increase in value when investment brings steady interests and interests are reinvested. The principle of the growth is the geometric progre
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/power_of_compounding

CAPM
  CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is method widely used for equity cost calculation. Equity cost should show the return that investor should expect/seek from an investment that contains specific level of risk.&n
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/capm

Warrants
  Warrants are derivative securities that give the right to acquire shares of the issuer at the predetermined price and time. From the holders position there is no difference between warrant and call option. The ma
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/warrants

Earnings Per Share
  Earnings per share (EPS) shows how much of net earnings are allocated to one common share. EPS might give some guidance about the value of the share for shareholder. Share price compared to EPS is equal to P/E ra
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/earnings_per_share

Hedge Funds
  Hedge funds are investment funds that use financial leverage and derivatives to achieve better investment results. The name of hedge fund came from hedging, which originally is a defensive investment strategy, bu
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/hedge_funds

Eurobonds
  Eurobonds are bonds that are issued in other that home currency. It does not mean that Eurobonds have to be denominated in Euros. Actually, most of the Eurobonds that are issued in Europe are in denominated in US
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/eurobonds

Conflict of Interest
  A conflict of interest is very sensitive problem at financial intermediaries when interests of different groups (owners, investors, employees or other) cross each other. All employees in investment market should
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/conflict_of_interest

Political Risk
  A political risk is related to political decisions and political environment development, and is one of the main risks when investing in emerging markets. Developed markets also contain political risk, but there
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/political_risk

ROA
  ROA (Return on Assets) shows what profits are earned by company’s assets. Of course, assets alone usually do not earn the profit, because most of the times profit is the result of know-how and hard work of
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/roa

Margin Call
  Buying on Margin Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin Margin Call The Pros and Cons Psychology: Is it worth?     Margin call is a fabulous term which carries some mysticism. However, there is nothing
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_call

The Pros and Cons of Buying on Margin
  Buying on Margin Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin Margin Call The Pros and Cons of Buying on Margin Psychology of Buying on Margin: Is it worth?     The opportunity provided by buying on margin i
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/the_pros_and_cons_of_buying_on_margin

Psychology of Buying on Margin: Is it worth?
  Buying on Margin Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin Margin Call The Pros and Cons of Buying on Margin Psychology of Buying on Margin: Is it worth?     For the conclusion I would like to say that bu
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/psychology_of_buying_on_margin_is_it_worth

Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin
  Buying on Margin Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin Margin Call The Pros and Cons Psychology: Is it worth?     We won’t talk about the possible losses in here. The goal of this paragraph is t
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/costs_of_buying_stocks_on_margin

Margin Calls
Margin call is a call by margin trading service provider to an investor who is buying on margin. Such calls are provided when assets (collateral) in the investment portfolio are losing value and reach the margin. Margin
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_calls

Financial Investment
  Financial investment is any financial asset that should provide a return for investor. Financial asset is an asset that doesn’t have tangible form and has some financial obligations to its owner. All securi
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_investment

Trading Platform
  Trading platform is an electronic tool provided by brokerage company or other financial intermediary that allows for investor to buy and sell stocks or other securities using his computer. In other words trading
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/trading_platform

White Knight
  A white knight is a friendly (for the target) bidder who gives a better offer to acquire stake in the company than “hostile” bidder during hostile takeover. White knight is one of the strategies used
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/white_knight

Organic Growth
  An organic growth is a growth of the company when inner resources are used to get larger market share. Also organic growth may be achieved together with growth of the whole market segment or entering new markets
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/organic_growth

Synergy
  Synergy is a popular term among management of the companies as well as among M&A participants. In finance synergy means a savings in some costs when several units are merged. The theory says it should be like
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/synergy

Underwriter
  An underwriter is a company (normally an investment bank) that organizes the selling of new security issues for the corporations. It is a financial intermediary that buys new issues of securities (shares or bonds
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/underwriter

Leveraged Buyout
  A leveraged buyout (LBO) is a takeover of a company when debt capital is the main financing source for the acquisition and the acquired assets are used as collateral to receive the needed debt. The LBO may be exe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/leveraged_buyout

Go Public
  Go public means to get company’s shares listed on the stock exchange; the process also called floatation. To go public, company has to hire some investment banking firm that would help to execute an IPO (in
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/go_public

Bearish
  Bearish is attitude of an investor if investor expects market to go down in the near future. Most often term bearish is applied for stock investments when is believed that stocks are going to decrease in value. T
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bearish

Bullish
  Bullish is an investor's attitude when he believes that the investment market is going to rise in the near future. Most of the times this term is applied for investments in stocks, when is believed that stock mar
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bullish

Par Value
  Par value also is called face value or nominal value, and is a nominal amount of money that shows how much of money is related to the security nominally. Par value is used most commonly for two types of securitie
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/par_value

Investment Products
  Investment products basically are investments that are packed and adopted for every investor. The best example of investment product could be mutual funds or any other investment funds that are well diversified a
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_products

Pig (investor)
  A pig is an animal known by every farmer. However, at investing pigs are also popular yet the meaning is different.   In investment world are two kinds of animals mentioned the most: bulls and bears. Bulli
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/pig_investor

Risk Tolerance
  Risk tolerance is a characteristic that describes the investor and his ability to withstand losses from investments. The higher risk tolerance of investor the more losses he/she may handle.    Investm
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/risk_tolerance

Risk Averse
  Risk averse is a characteristic of an investor who is avoiding risk. The more investor is avoiding the risk the more is he risk averse. Almost all the investors (as people are too) are more or less risk averse an
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/risk_averse

No-Load Fund
  No-Load fund is a fund that does not have a load fee which is paid by investor that acquires the mutual fund. There are two types of load fees: front-end load and back-end load, and ‘no-load fund’ sho
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/noload_fund

Performance Based Compensation
  Performance based compensation is a form of compensation for the investment management work depending on quality of results. Performance base compensation is very common in investment management industry and help
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/performance_based_compensation

Fund Manager
  A fund manager is an employee of investment management company which is responsible for the management of the fund’s assets. Most of the times, more than one person is involved in fund’s management bu
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/fund_manager

Balanced Fund
  A balanced fund is a mutual (investment) fund that invests in different asset classes: stocks, bonds and money market investments according to the fund’s investment strategy.    It may
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/balanced_fund

Stock Option
  A stock option is derivative financial instrument that gives the holder of the option the right to buy some particular stock at the predetermined strike price till the end of the option (or at the end, depending
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_option

Financial Assets
  There are two main investment (asset) classes: financial assets and non-financial (tangible) assets. Both of them may have similar characteristics as yielding or increasing in value over long period; but financia
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_assets

Index Options
  Index options are derivative financial instruments that provide for the buyer of the option the right (possibility) to make profits from index value changes. It may be a good investing instrument for the investor
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/index_options

High Return Investments
  High-return investments (or high-yield investments) are investments that can provide the higher return than average investments, and of course such investments are riskier. The reality is that people have differe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/high_return_investments

Day Trader
  A day trader is a speculator that trades in stocks, currencies or some other securities within a very short period. Most of the trades are made by the trading in one day period. Day trader is a pure speculator, e
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/day_trader

Stock Trader
  A stock trader is a speculator that is trying to make profits from quick changes in value of stocks or other securities that he trades. Stock trader have few differences from normal investor and the main differen
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_trader

Investment Bubble
  Investment bubble is a jump in price of particular investment when price starts increasing faster and faster as long as the price reaches its peak and falls down to a similar to previous level, if there are no ot
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_bubble

Active Investment
  Active investment (management) is opposite to passive investment and means that investments are managed by some investment professional that picks the securities according to investment market tendencies and
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/active_investment

Passive Investment
  Passive investment (management) is an investment style when investors skips the steps of securities picking and market timing and invests mainly in index funds that have the lowest expenses.    P
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/passive_investment

Best Investments
  Best investments are always wanted, but the reality is that there are no best investments for everyone. And if such investment would exist then those investments would become an investment bubble and would not st
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/best_investments

Safe Investments
  Safe investments are investments that contain low risk and considered to be safe. Safe investments do not necessary have to be 100% safe because there is no 100% safe investments in this world as this world isn&r
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/safe_investments

Personal Investing
  Personal investing is investing when investments are made by an individual but not a corporation which is corporate investment.   Personal investing is a part of personal finance that is responsible for pe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/personal_investing

CIS countries
  CIS countries (Commonwealth of Independent States) is by Russia led group of countries that earlier belonged to the Soviet Union. However, not all the countries of the past Soviet Union’s belong to CIS coun
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/cis_countries

Valuation Methods
  There are three main valuation methods used for business valuation or stock valuation:  Relative valuation is very easy to use and is the fastest method. That is why this method is so popular among fina
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/valuation_methods

Stock Price
  A stock price is the last price of a share (stock) that was traded in a stock exchange for a particular stock. If stock exchange is closed at the moment, then the last stock price will be closing price for that s
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_price

Good Stocks
  Good stocks are those stocks that meet’s investors risk tolerance and investment strategy. Also good stocks should have upside potential to increase in value in the future. If stocks are already priced high
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/good_stocks

Best Stocks
  Best stocks would depend on criteria of the particular investor. Of course, you could say that best stocks should be the stocks that will increase the most in the future. But reality is that nobody knows about th
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/best_stocks

Buying Stocks
  Buying stocks is an easy thing. Of course, it is harder to pick good stocks. Every person, that has some capital, can open a trading platform and buy stocks, but the goal is not only to buy the stocks but to make
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/buying_stocks

Trading Volume
  Trading volume is an amount of securities that was traded in the market over some period. Usually volume is measured for a trading session (day), week or month but other periods also may be used. Higher number of
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/trading_volume

Discount Broker
  A discount broker is a brokerage company that acts as an intermediary for securities trading and offers is used to offer its services for a lower commission fees. At the same time discount brokers provide less co
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/discount_broker

Liquidity
  (1) Market liquidity is a characteristic of a security or other traded investment that shows how easy it is convertible in to cash at a market value. Usually when investor decides to sell some investment and
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/liquidity

Broker
  A broker is an intermediary that helps for retail or other investors buy their investments. Broker can be as a person (job title) or a brokerage company that acts as a financial intermediary between the seller an
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/broker

Brokerage Account
  Brokerage account is an account provided to investor by a brokerage company or an investment bank. Brokerage account has changed during computerization and now almost all brokerage accounts have electronic interf
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/brokerage_account

Ask Price
  Ask price is the lowest price at which seller of a security is willing to sell indicated amount of securities. In stock exchange many investors leave their sell orders through their brokers and every sell order t
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/ask_price

Bid Price
  Bid price is the highest price at which buyer is willing to buy specific amount of securities. investors often leave their buy orders through their brokerage account while each buy order that stays in the exchang
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bid_price

Bid-Ask Spread
  Bid-ask spread is the difference between the bid price and the ask price, or in other words it is a difference between the best offered price of a seller and the best given price by a buyer for a particular secur
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bidask_spread

investor Education
  investor education is very important task to make investors achieve better results. It is hard to become the best specialist of investment management in short time but every investor can learn to avoid the main m
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investor_education

Real Estate Investment Management
  Real estate investment management is a management of real estate portfolio. Real estate investments are different from standard investments (securities) and management of real estate investments differs from inve
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/real_estate_investment_management

investor’s ABC
  investor’s ABC includes all the main topics that are necessary for every investor to avoid the most popular failures in investing and to achieve good investment results.    If you want to be rea
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investors_abc

Investment Management Consultations
  Investment management consulting is part of investment management business that helps for investors to manage their investments more effectively. Investment management is one of the most crucial step in personal
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_consultations

Real Estate investors
  Real estate investors are individuals or investment companies that are investing in real estate (property). There few main types of real estate investors:   • Real estate developers are investors that
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/real_estate_investors

Smart investors
  Smart investors can be called investors that do smart decisions at investing process. Of course it is hard to tell what is really smart and what is not. The true is that investing is not about being smart because
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/smart_investors

Equity investors
  Equity investors are investors that are investing in equity investments: listed stocks or similar ownership securities, stock funds, unlisted stock stakes or other half-equity strategies (equity loan, mezzanine f
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/equity_investors

Private Equity investor
  Private equity investor is a corporation or individual that is investing in stakes of unlisted companies. The only different between equity investor and private equity investor is that the last one invests in unl
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/private_equity_investor

Business investor
  A business investor can indicate several types of investors. (1) Business investor may be an investor that is a firm and invests in different investments, or (2) investments that are made by any investor in to co
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/business_investor

Undervalued Stocks
  Undervalued stocks are called those stocks that are believed to have higher target price than their stock price on the exchange. The higher is the difference the more stock is undervalued. If stock price in the m
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/undervalued_stocks

Private investors
  Private investors are individuals that are investing in to some assets for investment purpose. (1) There are two main types of investors: private investors and institutional investors (business investor). Also th
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/private_investors

Small Business investors
  Small business investors are private investors or business investors that are investing in to small businesses. Small businesses are also in need for capital and the best source for that capital might a bank beca
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/small_business_investors

Angel investors
  Angel investors are investors that have capital for investments and are investing in young companies that are in start-up stage and are needed for capital to exploit growth potential. The source of funding from a
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/angel_investors

Finding investors
  Finding investors might be a hard task if you have no required knowledge for that. Most probably you are looking some business investors or angel investors that would invest in to your business. And the success o
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/finding_investors

Area investors
Area investors are local business investors that are investing in their local living area. Area investing has some advantages. The main advantage is that local are investors know the nuances of the place and can be sure
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/area_investors

Target Price
  Target price is a calculated price that should represent the market value of the stock and also can be called target value. Target price normally is calculated by analysts of investment banks of brokerage compani
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/target_price

Overvalued Stocks
  Overvalued stocks are those stocks that cost in stock market more than their target price is. Target price of the stock is calculated market value of a stock using stock valuation methods. The most popular method
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/overvalued_stocks

Earnings
  Earnings are calculated gains of the company and should represent the profit of that business. There are several types of earnings:   Retained earnings are equal to net profit less dividends. Net earnin
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/earnings

Net Income
  Net income (net profit) is a financial indicator of the company that shows the real profitability of the business in accordance to its capital structure. Net income is equal to all revenue and gains less all expe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/net_income

Financial Analysis
  Financial analysis is an important part of investing, especially if investor wants better results from his investments. Of course it is possible to ignore financial analysis and make investment decisions based on
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_analysis

Return
  Return analysis is different from profitability analysis because usually return is measured as a profitability of the assets, investments, capital or other similar asset group but not as a profitability of the re
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/return

Turnover Ratio
  (1) Turnover ratio of mutual fund shows how quickly assets of the fund are changing. Actively managed investment funds have higher turnover ratio than passively managed funds, and normally turnover ratio is measu
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/turnover_ratio

Investments in Blue Chip Stocks
  Stock investments require high degree of financial knowledge and the understanding of market realities, but only if you are seeking for the most efficient result. Yet, the reality is that there are millions of pe
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investments_in_blue_chip_stocks

Investments in Small Cap Stocks
  Investments in Small Cap Stocks Investments in small cap stocks could be compared to penny stock investments but the term ‘penny stocks’ is not specific enough. The thing is that the determination of
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investments_in_small_cap_stocks

Pro Forma
  Pro forma is a type of financial statement that reflects financial information under some conditional basis. For example, if company has discontinued some activity, it may provide normal income statement and pro
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Investment Philosophy
  Investment philosophy must include the main rules of the investment management process. It is a type of approach in which investor is tend to believe. Many investors believe in different things and have different
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_philosophy

Investment Formula
  If you are looking for some perfect investment formula, you should get disappointed because there is no secret investment formula that would be profitable for every investor. If there would be such perfect formul
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_formula

Investing Formula
  Still looking for some magic investing formula? Well, you will be the lucky one if you will find it, but many investors are just failing in a way of finding that perfect investment formula. Maybe you can find it,
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_formula

Price to Free Cash Flow
  Price to free cash flow (P/FCF) or EV/FCF ratio are ratios that compare company's price to its free cash flow. The main difference between those two ratios is that EV/FCF also includes the eff
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/price_to_free_cash_flow

Price to Cash Flow Ratio
  Price to cash flow ratio (P/CF) and EV/CF ratio are similar but there are some differences. The main difference is that EV/CF also includes the effect of company’s financial debt which says a different
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/price_to_cash_flow_ratio

Economic Cycle
  What is economical cycle? An economic cycle means the repeated changes of the economical trends. While during very long economical period economy always has up-trend because of technological evolution and increa
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/economic_cycle

Beta
  What is beta? Beta is a ratio that measures volatility of an investment in relation to the whole market. In other words, it shows how the price of stock was changing compared to the whole market. Theoretically,
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/beta

Volatility
  What is volatility? Volatility definition can be short: volatility is the size of the amplitude in investment’s value changes over time. In simple words, it describes the riskiness of the security because
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/volatility

Share Issue
  Share issue may refer to a new share issue or an existing one. An issue of new shares is associated with capital increase of a company during IPO (initial public offering) or SPO (secondary public offering). All
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/share_issue

Profit Taking
  Profit taking is the selling of stocks or other investments after sharp rise in prices. investors are say that they ‘took profit’ when they sold their stocks after good rise when they seceded with sto
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/profit_taking

Insider Trading
  Insider trading is an illegal activity in trading stocks when a stock trader is using information that was not officially disclosed. Such information is called inside information. Such trading is called ‘in
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/insider_trading

Annual Report
  Annual report is a report on company’s activity issued each year. Not every company issues an annual report and mostly such reports are issued by public companies or those that are preparing going public.&n
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/annual_report

CFROI
  CFROI or cash flow return on investment is a rate of return that measures the performance of corporation based on its cash flow generation ability. CFROI is not very popular but is still used by some companies an
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/cfroi

Technical Analysis of Stocks
  Technical analysis of stocks is widely known type of stock analysis. Technical analysis is completely opposite to fundamental analysis. While fundamental analysis relies on company’s ability to generate cas
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/technical_analysis_of_stocks

Return on Capital Employed
  Return on capital employed ratio (ROCE) measures company’s return compared to its employed capital. Return in this case is some kind of profit (mostly EBIT or NOPAT) and the capital employed means equity ca
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/return_on_capital_employed

CAGR Formula
  CAGR formula is used to calculate 'compound annual growth rate':   CAGR = (Value at the end / Value at the beginning) ^ (1 / Years) - 1 * Can be multiplied by 100%. Where: Value at t
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/cagr_formula

Leverage
Leverage definition In finance leverage means usage of debt capital in addition to the equity capital in order to increase the profit. Increase in leverage is understood as increase in riskiness and volatility.  
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/leverage

Market Risk Premium
(Equity Risk Premium)   Every investment carries some level of risk and some level of potential return. Those two measures are closely related in investment finance and are used in CAPM which calculates cost of eq
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/market_risk_premium

Back-End Load
  Back-End Load (redemption fee) is a load fee which is similar to ‘front-end load’ but is paid when investor sells his mutual fund units instead of during the acquisition as in case of ‘front-end
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/backend_load

Front-End Load
  Front-end load (sales fee) was a very popular load fee in investment market for decades. This fee is paid by investors during the acquisition of mutual fund units and is some percentage (0%-5%) on the invested am
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/frontend_load

Load Fee
  'Load fee' is a fee that is paid during the selling process of the mutual fund. The sales load fee is also called as sales fee or distribution fee because normally it is paid by investor during sales-distribution
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/load_fee

About Us
  The website INVESTING FOR BEGINNERS EU was created in order to educate investors and other participants of the financial markets in accordance to the highest standards.    Investment process is not re
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/about_us

Privately Held Corporation
  Privately held corporation or closely held corporation is a company, which doesn’t have its shares listed on the stock exchange. If a corporation is closely held it not necessary means that it is small busi
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/privately_held_corporation


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